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I would like to know if there is any dialectal use of the words poupar aforrar and economizar.

I am under the impression that the word poupar is more used in European Portuguese while economizar is more used in Brazil. Is it right?

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  • Your impression is mostly correct, though "poupar" is definitely also used in Brazil, where, BTW, "savings account" is called "poupança".
    – stafusa
    Oct 1, 2018 at 15:09
  • poupança and poupar are used in both to mean savings and save, as used with investment and savings, or savings account or a person's savings. Economizar in every day speech means to not waste something. Like water or food. It is not used to mean savings as in what you have in the bank or under your mattress,except informally. :) Estou precisando economizar o meu dinheiro, means: to spend less money. As minhas economias, my savings, informal.
    – Lambie
    Oct 2, 2018 at 21:39

2 Answers 2

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Some notes from the top of my mind (the question would deserve a more in-depth study):

"Aforrar" is something I never heard, or read for that matter.

So, if it exists, it must be "dialectal", and either restricted to a quite small region - because I never heard it in Brasília, Porto Alegre, or Rio de Janeiro, or from acquaintances from the Northeast or São Paulo - or to a very informal register - because I have never read it in texts of Brazilian, Portuguese, or African writers.

The other two words are both widely used, as far as I know, in all Lusophone countries, and in all contexts and registers, formal or informal. But while their meaning is very similar, they cannot be used interchangeably in every context, though the differences are subtle, and mostly in emphasys.

I am not sure that the explanation in a comment above ("poupar" is for money, "economizar" is for resources) is true. To me, it sounds perfectly natural to say "economizou muito, a fim de não passar dificuldades na velhice", as it is to say, "precisamos poupar água". The main difference seems to me to be that "economizar" may mean simply not spend too much, while "poupar" means to set the unused money, or resource, apart, in a planned way. But perhaps this varies within different regions.

One difference that I see is that "economizar" is preferred when the meaning is intransitive (with the implication that the unstated object is money): "ele não sabe economizar", while "poupar" usually needs a complement.

"Poupar" is often used with an indirect object, too ("ele não poupava sofrimentos aos pais"). The use of "economizar" in this way, while certainly possible, is more rare.

Plus, "economizar" often comes with complements with the preposition "em": "não economizou nos adjetivos ao denunciar os absurdos da sentença"; this is avoided with "poupar": "não poupou os adjetivos ao denunciar os absurdos da sentença".

Another difference is that "poupar" can be used as an equivalent of English "spare": "poupe-me a demagogia", "spare me the demagoguery"; "poupou-lhe a vida", "she spared his life" (and in this sense, it is often intransitive, too: "poupe-me"). "Economizar" definitely cannot be used like that.

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  • aforrar I've only heard in sister languages. It's very common in Asturian, and so likely is in Mirandese as well, so perhaps in the NE of Portugal it can be heard (dictionaries may give it because it's cognant with Spanish ahorrar, to save, and closely related to forrar, to get rich) May 2, 2019 at 7:10
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Ambas as formas são utilizadas, tanto poupar, como economizar.

Não existe diferença semântica signitifativa; o significado é idêntico, porém no Brasil a palavra "poupar" é um tanto quanto mais técnica, utilizada normalmente em publicações impressas, enquanto a palavra "economizar" é utilizada pela população em geral na linguagem falada.

Será raríssimo, e até mesmo um pouco estranho, ver duas pessoas conversando, e uma delas dizer que irá "poupar" para comprar um carro. Entretanto em publicações técnicas, relatórios escritos, televisão, e internet é comum substituir-se a palavra "economizar" por "poupar".

Conversa popular:

  • Estou sem dinheiro, João. Preciso economizar mais.
  • Se você não economizar, nunca terá nada!

Mídia escrita, publicações técnicas:

  • "Quem poupa tem."
  • "Poupar é diferente de investir. "
  • "Os poupadores tendem a ser pessoas mais disciplinadas." (nunca se diria os economizadores)
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    Curiosamente, em Portugal, quando muito é o contrário: poupar é mais popular; economizar, fico com a ideia que é por vezes (em Portugal) um esforço deliberado de "escrever bonito", do escritor se distinguir do povo. Na linguagem popular, há uma diferença de perspetiva: economizar foca o uso mais judicioso do dinheiro, redução de despesas evitando desperdício, luxos desnecessários; poupar foca pôr dinheiro de parte; mas poupar água, energia.
    – Jacinto
    Aug 26, 2020 at 16:05
  • Discordo que usar "poupar" numa conversa popular seria estranho.
    – user4788
    Aug 26, 2020 at 20:41
  • Concordo com o @Jacinto, em que "economizar" é mais formal que "poupar".
    – user4788
    Aug 26, 2020 at 20:44

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